Computational Thinking in Elementary Education: A Review of Its Teaching and Benefits for Cognitive Development
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Abstract
Computational thinking has emerged as a fundamental competency in basic education, driven by the challenges of the 21st century and the growing need to develop students with strong digital and cognitive skills. The objective of this literature review was to analyze approaches, methodologies, and benefits associated with the implementation of computational thinking in Latin American schools. A qualitative documentary research was conducted through an integrative review of ten scientific articles published between 2017 and 2024. The data was organized through analysis sheets, and selection criteria such as thematic relevance, accessibility, and academic quality were applied. The results showed that computational thinking promotes the development of logical reasoning, creativity, and problem-solving. Furthermore, its teaching through tools such as block programming, educational robotics, and gamified environments has proven effective in the school context. The discussion highlighted the need to strengthen teacher training and public policies that integrate these skills into curricula. The conclusion is that computational thinking not only enhances cognitive skills but should be promoted as a key element of educational innovation in Latin America.
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